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??????10??2? (?? ?????)???????????2???????«2023?????????????»??,2023???(R&D)??????3.3????(???????,?????),?33357.1??,????8.4%,??“???”?“??7%??????”??????????

?R&D???2012?1??????????,2019?2???????,2022??3???????,???R&D??,???

?????????,2023??????R&D?????(R&D????GDP??)????2.65%,????????0.09???????????????,?“??”???0.02??,????????????????????R&D??????12?,????(OECD)??????(2.73%)?

?????????R&D??????2023???,???R&D???25922.2????3856.3??2753.3??,???8.6%?1.1%?????????????????14.1%??????????,?????????????R&D???77.7%,????2022??0.1????????,???(79.0%)??(79.4%),???????(67.4%)????(65.8%)???

?????R&D???,2023??????2259.1???3661.5??27436.5?,?????11.6%?5.1%??8.5%????????,??????????????R&D??6.77%,??????(??????) ?????????:??????