2023???3.3?????????????

????:??????:????????

?????????????10??2???????? (??? ??)????????????2??«2023???»??,2023???????(R&D)???3.3??(?,??),???????33357.1??,???8.4%,?????“???”??????“?7%??”??

???R&D?????2012??1?????????,2019??2???,2022????3???,?R&D?????????,???

?,2023??R&D?????????(R&D?????GDP??)????2.65%,???????0.09??????,?“????????”???????0.02??,????????????R&D????12???????????????,?????(OECD)?????????????(2.73%)?

?????????R&D???2023??????,???R&D???25922.2??????3856.3??2753.3??????,?????8.6%?1.1%?????14.1%?????,???R&D???77.7%,???2022??0.1???,?(79.0%)??(79.4%),??(67.4%)????(65.8%)??

???R&D???????,2023???????????????2259.1??????3661.5?????????????????27436.5??,?????????????11.6%?5.1%??????8.5%??????,??????R&D???6.77%,?????(???????) ???????????????:???