????75?????(?????????)

????:????v:51pc·mc??2023iOS??

??????????????75????75??????????????????,?????????????????,???????????????????????,???,????????,??????????????,????

??????????????,???????????????????,??????,2023????????????223??????GDP????????????89???????43.6???????????????……??75??,“????”??????75?????????,??“??”?????,?????????????,????????????????

?? ???????????????????

?7.9%

?????????????????

??????????,????????,?????,???,???????????????1952?679?,???????????1978??????3679???;???????,????????????,1986??1??????????,2000?10???,2006???20????????????????,???????12?????????????10???????????,2020????100????,2023?126??????????????,???????????,2023???1952???????223??????,????????7.9%;?????????,19792023??8.9%,????????????????3.0%????

?GDP????8.9??????????

?

1952???,???GDP??119???????????,?????????,?GDP???????????????????????????????2019??????????,?????????GDP?????70078?,????????????10158??????????????,???????????????1??;2023??????????89358???????????,??????????1952?89??????????????????,???????6.5%,????????12681????,???????3???????????1.2??????????????????????,2023???(GNI)?1.34??,???

?????

?

?????,?????,???????????????????1952????????,??????????????????????????????????50.5%?20.8%?28.7%????????,????????????????????????,???????????????

????,?,??????????????,???,????2023??????????????,????????????????????????????7.1%?38.3%?54.6%???????????,?????9????????1.3?????,?????????????????????????????,????????????,?????????,?????,??“???????+”????

“??”?22.4????

?

?????????,??,?????,??,???????????????

20132023????????????,???????????????8.7%?10.3%,?????,??????????????????????5G?????????????,“??”??????????,?????????????

?2023????????,???421??????????????????????;?????,???????????

???????????????,??????????????????????????????????,“???”??????2023?,?????????“?????????????”??22.4???,???GDP??17.73%?

????????????????

??????????????

1949??2.2??,?????????8.1???????,????75??????????,?????????????,??,??????????,?????????????????????????

2023??????????,?????????15.9????,?1949???????6????????,????4.5??????????,?2/3??;?544?????????,?66?????????,???18.4????,?;?12.8???????????????????,????????74.1%;?????876???????????????,2023??????????1.7??????????,?????????2016??????10?,??????,????????????

??????????????3.92????

???

1949???????49.7??1978?,?????????171????,??????????????????????????????151??????????,?????????,???,?,?????,???2023????????????,?39218???,?????????1949???76?????,???????6.0%;???????????26796???????,??????????1956???36?,?????5.5%?

????,????????????????????????????,????????2023??????????????,?????29.8%,???????1978?34.1????????;?????????????45.2%,???????2013????????5.5??????????????,??,??????2023??????????????????????????,?????49.7????????????,?145.9?,???????????2013???????????2.9????????2.1??

???

????

???????????????????,?????????????????????????????????,????????

????,??????????????????????,????????????,??????,???????????,?,???????????

2023??,??10.66????,???????????????1989??????10.09????????;??????????????????????2.44???????????3.02????????????????,???1994????1.64???2.84????????????????????????????????????????,?,????????,????

9899???????????

????

?????,???????????????????????????????20??5070????????,???,?????????????,??????????“?????????”??????,?????????????????????????????,????????????

????,???????????,???????????????????????????8??????,??????????2020????9899?????????????,832??,12.8??,??????????????????,??????????????????,?????10?«??????2030?»???????,??,??????????????

?60%

??

???,??????,??????????????????????????,??

2023????????????,????????????????????????91.1%?95.7%?91.8%;?????1.6????4542??????,??1949????????6.4???103?,??????(OECD)??????????

??????????,?,???????????2023?????????,????60%,?;???????1982????8?????????11.05????????????,??????????????????????

?

???????????

1950?????????,?????11.3?????????,?????????1978???????206??????????????,??,2001?,??????????,?????

?????????,???????????,????,?????????????????????????1978???????????????????????????1%?????????2023????12.4%,?7????????????“??”????????????????????,?150???????????30???????????????????230?“????????????????????????”????,????????????????25??200????,??????????????“???”?

?????????

?????????????

?,???????,???,???????????????????,??1999??,??????????????????2012?,??????????????,???4.9,?????????????1952????????8.1?

??,??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????,???20132023??,??????????????????????6.9%?7.1%,???????????????????????2023????????,?????????????46.7%?24.4%,?????2012???2.9?????????????????0.9???

?????????46.3??????????

?????????

?,?????,???1956??????????“???”??????????????????,????????????,??????????,????????,?????????

????????????,?????,??,????????????????????????????????????????????????????????,?“??????”,???????????????,??????11???????????,????,??????????????2023??,??????????,??????????46.3?????????????

????????66%

??????????

???????,???1949??????????10.64%,1978???17.92%??????????????,????????????????????????,?????????????2023??,?9.3?????,????1978???7.6??;??66.16%,?????????????48.24????????

???????,??????,???,???2023??????????,??48.3%,????????????2015????????????8.4?????????????,????????,???????????,????????????2012????2.88:1??2023???2.39:1?2023??,?12.4:1,?????2013?????????????1.4?2023??460?????????????????,????????99%??????????,??????????14.4???????

?????????3246??????????????????????????????????????????6833?????????

??????????

1949?????????,?????????????,??????????????,??????????,????????????2023?,????????????3246??????????6833????,?????????????????????1949?59???????????????????????????????325?;????????????119????????(?)?

??,??????????,?????????????????,????????,?????????2022?,????????????4.46%,???????2013????????????0.77?????????????????????;????2012?????????888?2023?1622??

??78.6?

???????????????????????

??????,????????????,?????75????,??????,??????,????????????????????2023??,?107???????,????1017?????????,???1249?????????

?,??,??????????????,?????2023???????,???????????13.34???,?????2018?????????????95%???2023??,?????????78.6???,????????1949???????????????43.6??????????,???

??24.02%

??

20??50????,???,?????,?,??????????????“?”????2022????,????????9014??????????????????????????????,??????20??????????80???25???????30????????????;????????18%,?????

????,“???????”??????????????????????24.02%?2023?????,????(PM2.5)?2016??????????28.6%,??????????????21.6???????????????????,???????????????????????????????????????,????“??????????”????“??????????”,?????????????????(????????????) ???:???????