????:1??????????:????

2??????

3????????

4?????????

5????????

??11????????22???????????(?????????)11??21??????????,“???????19491999”???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????,??????????????????????????7????“?????????”???

???7????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????7???????????????,??75?????????????????????????

?,?????????,?“????????????????????????”???????????????,“????,???”,???????????“????”???????,???????????

???????,???

“?????????????????????”????????????,?????????????

??“?????????????”???,?????????1949??????????????“????????”?????????????????????,1952????????????????????????????0.55?????1.8????????,??????????????720??,????70???????????????????????,????????????????????????

?,?1988???????“???”?????????????,?,10?????????????????

“???????,???????????????????,????????????????”????,??????????????????????,????????

??????

???,??????

??????????????????????????????????????????????????

??????,?????????????,????????????????,????

“??????????????,??,???????????????????”????????????????,“??????,???????????????”

2011?,“?”?«???????????»,????

9??????????????????23?????????????,???????????????????? ?

?,???

“?????,???????????????”????,?????????????????????

??????????20????80??,??,?????????????????????,???“?”??

“???????,???”??????,???????????,??

???,1982???;1983???«???????????»??????;???

????,?????????????????????12??20???????(??)

?????:??????????????????????