???????

????:????????:?????????

?????,???

???????????75?????????????????75??,?????“????”????,???“?”?

??,?????????????:?,??????,?????,????……

????????????,????????,???

(?)“????????,??????????”

2024?????????9??????????,??????????????? ???????? ?????????????

????,?????,???,?????

1949?????9????????????30?????,??????,??????????2014???????????8??????????,?????????,?????

?????????????,?????,????,????,????????????????????,?????????????????

?????????????,????

??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????……

???,?????,????????,???????????????????

????,??????

????????????????????????????,“???,????”?

?????:“??????????,?????????,???????”

?????????????,??????????????????????????????

30???,????«???????»??«????»????,??????:

“??????????????,???????????????,??????????,?????‘???????????’,?????,????????????????????????????”

“???????”,“?”……?,????“??????????”?

????????,???

2012??????????????????11??????,??,??????????,???????«?»?????????

??????????,??????“??????”?????????????????,????????????????

“????,????????????????”

????,???????????????????

??????,?????

2016?,?????????????????????,?????

??,???????

??????,????????:“???????????????????”“???,??”?

??,????????????,?????????“????????????????????,????????,???????……”

??,????

?,??

2024???????,??????,??

??????????,?????,????????????????,??????,????????????

?????

?????,“????????”????;?????,“????????????”???????,???????????

(???????)“?????????????????????????,???????????????????????”

2018?????4???????????????????,????????? ??????????? ?????????

“?????????!”??????????????????????,??????????????,???????

???,??????800???????????,???????:“???????,???????????”

????,?,?:“?????????,????????,??????????”

??????????????????????????????????????????????????,???,????????????????????

????:“?????????????,???”

2024?????????9??????????,?????????“??????”???????,????????????????????????,??????,??……???,???????????????

10?????????????30??????????,5??????3??????????,??“???????”?

???????????,???????????????

????“????????”,“??????????,????”,???;??????????“????”??????????????,????;??????,??“????????”????????????……??,?????

????????????????“??????”,?????????????????

??90????????,????????????????,??«?????????20??????????????????»,??????????3????????8??20???????????????????????????????????????????????,?????????????????“‘3820’????”?

????:“?????5????,????????20????,?????”

????,??????????:“??????????,??????????????10??????20???????,?????30?????????50??……”

????,???

“????,????????????????????????”?????????????????????1992????????????????????,?????????????

??????“???”??,????:

“????????????,?,?,???????????????????????????,??????,????????”

???????????????????????????……????????,????70???????100????????

“????????????????????????”?

????????????“????,????”??????,???????????,????????????,?????????,????……

?????????,???????,????????????????????????,??????????

“????????”

?????????????????????????100????????????????;???100???

“????”

???????????????????2020???????2035????,??;??????2035????,???????,??

????,?????“???????”???,?“???????”?

2019?????????3??????????????????????,“????????????”?,????:

“??,??????????”

(?????????)“????,????????”

2019???1???????,????????????????? ????????? ?????????????????

2019??11??????????,??????????,?????????????????????????????“?????????”????????

“??????????????”????????,????,?????

2023???????????5?,?????????????????????,“???????”?????????????????????,????????????????1000????

“????????,???????”??????????????,???“?”??????

??,????????

????,?????:“????,???????????,?????????????,?,?????,???????????,???????”

???????,????

“????,????????????1000??????????????”“?,??????????20????????”“???????10??????????????????,????300???????????????????”……

8??,??????????1??????????????,??????????,?????

??????,??????

“??????”“????”“????,??????”……

??????,????,???????????????????????????????,?????????

????,???????????

2023??????????????????????????????????7????,????????????????????,?????40?,???

“???????!???????”???????????

“?????”??

“????????,??????????????,????,??”????????????????

???????????????????,??????????????,???????????

????????“???”?

???,????????????????????????????,?????«??»????????????????:“???????,????,???,?????????,???????!”

2023??,?????“???????????”????20????,?????????????:“??????????,????????,??????20?????”

???????,??????????????,?????9????

????????????????????????……“?????”“???”“??????????????”“????”,???????????????????????

???????,???????????????????????,?,??????????????

“???????????,????,?,?????????,???????,?”?

????????????“??????????,????????????????????”???????“??,?????”,???????

????????,????????????????

(????)“?????,????????????????????”

2024???????????5?,???????? ?????????????????? ?

“????,??????,?????????????,?????”2024????,????????????

?????,???????????????????,??

????,????????:“?????”

“4???????”

“???????????!”?????,???????

???,????????????????????

“????,???????????”«??????????»??????,??????????:????,?????????,??????

“?????,???????????”????“????”??????,??????????

???????????,????????“??????????????????????”

2024???7??,????,???????????????????????,???????,???

???????

??????,????????????“???????”????,????????????????????????“???????”????;

?,???????????,???????;

2020????,?????????,???????“?”????;

2023?????????,?????????,?????????????“??”?????????????????;

……

????????,?????????????,??????,??????????

?,?????????,??

“??????,?????????????????????????????,??????,?????????”????,?????????

??????????????????????????????;??“????????????”?????;??????????????????“??????????????????,????”;????“????”;???……????????,???????????????,?????????????,???????????

????????????????????,??????,??

??,?,????????????????“??”,?????“?”?

????,????????????????????????????,???????????:

“????,????????”“???????????????????????,????,?,?,??????????”?

2014????,????,????:“???,???????????????”

????????,?????????????????????,???????“??”?

??,??????2023???????????????????60%,??“???????????”?????

?,???????,?????,????????????……????????,“??????????”????????????????,????????????????????,???????????

“???????????????,??”????,??

(????????????????)“???”

2018?????2???????????,?????????????? ???????? ?????

??????????????????9?:

2????6?,??,5????50????;9????,????????,???;10?13??????????????,??????;14?????20????????,?70???????????75???????????;23?????,??????;??,????????????????……

“?????,?????????????????????,?????,??????,?«???????????»?????,????????”2014???????????2?????????????,????????????,?????????????

?????????????

“????????????????????????????????????????”

2021???????????4????,?,?????

“??,??????,??????????????????????????,???????”?????

“????,‘??’????????????”???????????

???????????????,??????

???????,??????????????,?????????;???12???,59?????,??????????……??????????????????,????????????????????

????????,??????????????????????,????????????:“????!”

“????????????”2019?????,????????

“???????????????,????????????,?????”???????????,???????????????????????

????,??????,?????

??????????????,??:“?????,??????????????????????????”

????????,2012????11??????,??????:“??,??”

?????

“??????????,??????????”

2023??????????????????11????,?????,??????????????????,?????????

???,????,???????????????????????????7?????????,????,????,?“???????”?

???????,??????

????,????;????,?,?????????;????,?,??????????……

??????????,??“???????,???????”,?,???????????????????????????????

??

“??”

??«?????»???????:“??????‘????????????’??????,???????,???,??12????????,??????????????”

“??????????????”,?????????????????????,????“???????????,???????”??,?“???,?????,??????????,???”?

?????????????????????????,??????«???????????????»????:“????,?,?????”

“?????,???????????,????????,?????????,?,???????????‘???????????,??????????’?,?????‘?’????,??,?,???????????????????????”

??????,10????,???????????????????:“??,???‘???????’???,????????”

????,?:“?????!???????????!??,????,??????????!”

75??,????,???????????????:“???????????????????”!

?????????????,????????

?!?????!

????,“????!”

???????:??????????????????

?:??????

?????:????????????????????????????????????????????

?????:??