????:1?????????????:???????????

2???????????

3????????

4???????

5??????????

???/??????

?????????????????????????????????????,???????????,???

????????????????,???????,?????????,????????????(GDP)???

??????????????

??,???????GDP????4.8%?????,??????,????GDP????0.9%,?????????????????,????????

????“??????????”????,9??????????????????10??(PMI)??????????????????????5??,?????????

????,?????????????GDP????????2.8%,?????????????70%????3.7%,????0.9??????????????3.3%,???0.6?????????

?,???,?,????,???????????????????????????,?????????????

?????????GDP????0.9%?????????????????????,??????????,???GDP?????0.2%,?????????GDP???0.4%?????????0.8%?

????????????,?????????????????,??GDP????7.4%,?????????????????????????????????GDP????5.3%,??????????GDP????4.1%,??????????2.9%?

??,??GDP????????????????0.1%,??????????????,????,??2.2%??????2.3%,???????????????2.4%?

????

??????,?????????,????????????????????,??????

????????????????,????,???????????

???????,????,??????????(IMF)??????,?????,?????????7%,???????GDP????,??

?????????????,???????????2023?????????????????10??????????????????????,2024?????????2.7%,??2023????1.2%???????????????

???,?“?????????”“???”??????“??????”??????????????,?????????

??????????,“??????????”??????????????????????2000??2023?????????,“?????”??????“???”???????25.1%???????????????42.1%,????????“??????”???????????????32.1%????????????48.8%?

???????????????“???????????”???????????2000?????????2023??,“???????????????????”????????????????????????2.2%???????5.4%,???????????4.0%?????????????11.9%???????????????????????“??????????????????”????? ?????:??