????:1????????????:???????

2?????????????

3??????3000?

4????????95

5????????

??????10???2?? (? ???????)??????????????????2?????«2023?»??,2023??(R&D)??3.3???(??,??),??33357.1??????,???8.4%,?????????????“???????”?????????????????“???7%?????????”?????

???R&D??????2012?????1??????,2019???????2???,2022???3??????,?????R&D????????,??????

??,2023???????R&D??(R&D??GDP??)?2.65%,???0.09????,??????“?????????”??????????0.02??????,??????????R&D?12?,???(OECD)??(2.73%)?

???????????????????????R&D??????2023??,????????R&D?????25922.2????3856.3???????????????2753.3??,?8.6%?1.1%??????14.1%???,???R&D???77.7%,?????????2022??0.1?,?????(79.0%)?(79.4%),???????(67.4%)???(65.8%)????

???R&D??,2023????????2259.1????????3661.5???27436.5??,??11.6%?5.1%?????????????8.5%????,????R&D??6.77%,?????(???) ??:????????