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??10?????????2?? (??? ?????)?????????2?????????«2023??»??????????????,2023?????(R&D)???3.3?(??,???????),????33357.1??????,??8.4%,???“???????”???????“?7%?????????????”???????

??R&D???2012???1???,2019??????????2????????,2022?3?????,???R&D????????,????????

???,2023?R&D??????(R&D??GDP??)?2.65%,???0.09??????,??“?????????????”????????0.02?????,???????R&D?????12?????,??(OECD)??????(2.73%)?

???????R&D??2023??,?R&D??25922.2???????3856.3??2753.3???,?????????????????8.6%?1.1%???14.1%?????,???R&D??77.7%,???2022??0.1????,???????????????(79.0%)??(79.4%),??(67.4%)???????(65.8%)??

???????R&D???,2023???????????????2259.1???????3661.5?????????????27436.5??,???11.6%?5.1%??8.5%??,??R&D?????6.77%,???(?????) ??????:??????????