????:1??????:?????????????

2?????????

3????????

4?????v?????

5?????

???????????????11?????????23?? ???????????:?“?”??

?????????????????

?? ??????????? ?????????? ??

“??”??????11?18??20?????????????????????????????????????????????(Mary Evelyn Tucker)?“?”???????????,?????,“????”??,???,??,????“??”,?????,????????

????????:

?????:?????????????????

???????????????:20??70???????????????,??????????????????????????,???,???????????????????????,??????????????????????????????????,?????,?“????????????”?

?????????????????(Thomas Berry),?????“?”??“?????”??????????????,???????????(William Theodore de Bary)??,????????????????????????????(Carlton Hayes)????????????????????

2024????????????????11??????????????????20?,“??????”??????????????????????(?????????????)???????????????? ??????????????? ????

?????????????:???????????????“?????????????”?????,??????

?????????????????????????:???“??”“???”“????????????????”???????,“??????????”??????????????????,??“???,?????????;????????????????????????????,?”,?“????????????????”???

“?”???????????????,????“?????”,???????????????“??????”????,?????,?????,??????????,???????????“?????????????????”?????????????“???????”?????????????????“??????????”??????????,??,???????“???”??

???????????????????,????????,??? ?? ?????????

?????????????????????:???????????“???????????????????”“??”“??”????????????????,????????

????????????????????????????????:?????,????????????????“?????????”,??????????????????“??”,???“????????”?“??”?????

??,?,?????????????????????????????,??,?“???”?????,???????????,?????,???

?????:?????

??????????????????????:????,?,???????????????????????????????……?????,???????????????“???????”????????

70??«??»?????????,???,???“??”???????«???????????»,??????????????,???????????,??????????,??????????????????????????,?,?????????,?????

?????????????:???

????????:????????,??,????????????,?,???????????????????,???,???????????????,???,????,??????????????

???????,?,??????????????“??????”??????????,?????????????????????“???”????????????????????????,??????????????????????????????,???????,??????

2016????,????????,??112???????????????????? ??? ??????

????????????,????????????????,???????“????”?????????,????????,????,??????????????????????????????????,???????“??????”,????(?)

?:

??????????????????????????? ??????????????? ??????????

????????????????????????????????(Mary Evelyn Tucker),????,??????????????????????????1997???,??????????????«??????????»«????»????«??»?

????????:???????????