?? ???16??????????
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2?????90????????
3?300???????????
4????????????
5?????
????9????????????????14?????????????????? ????????????“???”?????,9???14????,???,????????16????????????,???????????????4.6?????????????,?????2012???????64.2%?392.2%,??????????????????,????????????????????????????????????????
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?????,?????????????????????????????????????,????????????,?????????????????,??????????????????????????????????,??????1.2???????????,???1??????,????????????2012???184%?426%,2024???????5??1??????2069.3????????????????,??????????????12306????????????,?,?????????????????????????????????,??4703?????????,???????1722????????????,???????????????????94%,?????????2012?22???????????????????????????????????(?)??????????,????2023?,?????????????????38.5????14729??,??????????????2012??103.6%?50.1%,??????????,??????41.4%?51.5%,????2012?????????????????36.4?22.1???
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??????,???????,???????????????????????,??,?,????????????????,???????,???????,????????????????????????????????????,?????????????????????,????,??????????????????,?????????????????????350????,???????????????????350???????????????,????????????????????????????????“CR450?”,??????????????57????????????453???????????????????????891??????????,???????????????,???????1219??,?????????????????????????????????UIC?ISO??IEC???????????300??????????????,UIC???????????????13???,?????????????????
????????????????,????????????????????????????????????????????????,?????????,???????????????????????,????????????????“?”??????,??????????????????,??????????????????,?????????????????,????,2012???????,?????????????????,???,??????,???????(6A)??(8M)????????????(6C)??(5T)??????????????????(PHM)???????????????,???????????????????????,?????????????????2012???,????????????????,?????????????????????????????????,2023????????2012????75%?79%,??????????????????
??????,??????????????????????????,????,??????????????????,??????????????,??????,?????????,????????????????“??????????”??????????????????????????“??????????”?????“?????”,??????????????????????14???52??????,???????????????????500??????????????????;???????????????,????????,???2??????????????????10?????????,?????????????????????????27.3????????????????????,?????2?????????????????14????????????,??????????????1000???????????;????????,?????????????880???????,??????????????????;?????,2016??????????,???????????????1702???????????????????2023???????1.7???,????????10????,??????????80???567???????,2017?????????????,?????????????,2023??86????,??????13.8%?
???,?????????????????,?????????????????????,???????????????,????,?????????????????????????????????,2012?????????,?????????????????5.4??????????????????,?????????????78.5%,145????,?????????????1600??;????????,??????????????????????????????,????????????????????“??????”,????????22??????(?????????????????)??????691?????????;??????????????,??????????“???????????????”??????????,??,????????,??????????????????9.9???????????????????????????45.3???????;??????????????????,???6.16??????????????????????,????????,??????88.7%,???75.2%,2023?????????3.81?????????/???,???? ??????????????????:??????