????:1???????????:??????

2???????????

3????????

4?????300?3??????

5????????

???11??20??????????????????????? ???????????????????:“?????”???

????????

?? ????

“?????????????????”???????“????????????”“??????????,??”“??”??????????,???????“???”????,???“??????”,??,????,???

???????:

?????????:????????????????

????????:???,?????????,“?????????”(???????????????????800?????????200????)???????,???????????????????????????????????????,???????????????????,????“??”?

?????????????????,?????????????“????????????????”?????,?????????????,???????????????????????“??????????”“?????”???,??,????????????????,“??”???????,??“???????”,?????????????????????????

??????????????????

??:“???”??

???????:?????????(Louis Henkin)????????????????????,“????????????,??,?????,????????????”“??”?????????????????????????,??“??”?????“?????????????????”??(?),???,????????????????????????,???????????????????????????????,???

????,“?????”????,???????????????“????????????????”,?????,?????????????,?????«???????»??,???162????“????”,??“??????????”???????,“?????”(«????»),“?????????????”(«????????»),???“????????????????????,??????????????”(«???????????????????????»),????????????????“??,????”(«??????????????»)???“???,???”(«??????????????????????»,??«?????»)???????,???“???”???????

???????,“??????”???????????????????,?????????????????????“??”,????????,???????????????«???????????????????»?????“????,??,??,???”(«?????????????????????????????»)???????????????????????????????“?????,???,?????”(«????»)?????????????“?????”??,?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????“???????????????,????????,??????,????”(«????????????????»)??????????????“???????”????????????????,??,?????

??????????????,“?”?????,?????????????“???”,????,????????????,??????????????,???“?????????”????????????????????,?????????,“???????????”??“???”(«????????????»),???????,???????????????“???,?????”(«????»)?“??”????“?????”(«??????????»)??“?????????????”(«???????»),???“????????????”(«????????????????»)???“???????”?????“?????????????”???,?????????????“????????????????????????????”“??????????”“???????”???,????????“??????????”??,???,???????“???????????????????,????????”(«????????»)?“????????????????????????,????”(«?????»)?

???,“???????”?????????,????“?”,???,??????,???????,???????“???????????????????”????????,????“???????????????????????????????”??,???????????????“???”(«?????????»),????,???“??????”??????????????????????????????“??????”“?”,???“???,???”(«????»)?“?????,??”(«?????????????????????»),???

????,“??????????????????”????????“????”“?????????”“?????????????????????????”“??”“???”??????????????????,“????????”??,“??”??,“????”??,“?????”??,“????”?????????????????????????????????????,“?????”??????????,????,???????????????

????????????

??:???????????????“??”??????????????

???:“????”?,?????????????????????,?????,??,???????????????????,?????????????????????,????????????????????,???????,??????,?????

????????????“?????”?????,??2300??,??????????,?????????????,?????,?????,?????????“????”??????????????????????????????????,?????????????

?????:??“??”????“???”?

?????????:???,“??”???????????????“?????”??“??”,??:????????????????“????????”???,?????,????????????????;??,???????????????,?????????????????,???????;?,??????????????,????????????,?????(?????????????????)

??????????????:

???????

???????????,??,???????,??????????????,?????,????«????»???????????????

???????????:??