????:1???????:????????

2?2023???????

3?????

4???????????

5??????????

?11????1???? (???????????? ?????????)????,???????????????????,??????????

????????,?????(GDP)?????????4.8%????????,????????????????,????GDP?????????????????0.9%,????,?????

??????“???”??????,9???????????????????????????????10???????????(PMI)???5?????,???????????????

??????????,???????????????GDP????????2.8%,?????????????????,????????70%???????????????????3.7%,????????????0.9?????????5.1%,??????

????????,??????????,??????,?????????,????????????,???????????????

?,????GDP????????0.4%,???????GDP??0.3%;???0.9%???????,??????????????????????????,?????????????GDP??0.2%,??????GDP????0.4%??0.8%?

???????,????????????????????????????,????????????GDP?????????7.4%,?????????????????????GDP???????????5.3%,???????????????????????????????????GDP?4.1%,?2.9%?

??????????,?????????GDP??????????0.1%,????????????????????,?????,????2.2%??2.3%?

?,??,?????????????????????,??????????????????

????,??,??

????????,?????,?????????(IMF)??,?,??7%,??????????????????????GDP????

??????????????,????2023?????????????????10??????????,2024???????????2.7%,?????

??,????????“??????????”“??”????“????”????,?????????????????????????,2000???????????2023???????,“???????????????”?????????????“??????”??????25.1%??42.1%,???????“????????”???????????32.1%??48.8%?“????????”???(?????) ????:??????????