?????75????(?????????)

????:??????95?:?????VX

?75???75?,???????????????????,??????????????,???????????,??????????,???????,???????

?,????????????,????????????,2023??????????223???????????????????GDP?89??????????????43.6?????????????……??????????75???,“???????????????????”???????75???,??“?”???,??????????????,??????????????????????

??????????????????? ?????????????????

???7.9%

????

????????????????,?????????????,???????????????????????,????????,????????????1952??679??????????,??????1978???3679???????;??????,???????????????????,1986??????1?,2000?10??,2006?20??,????12??10??????????,2020?????100??,2023?????126??,?????????????????,2023??????????1952????223??,???????????7.9%;??????,19792023?8.9%,?3.0%??

???????GDP????????????8.9?????????

???

1952??????????,???GDP??119????,??,???????????????GDP???????2019?,??????????GDP??????????????70078?????,?10158??,?????????????1?????;2023?????????????89358?????,??1952????????????89?????????,?????????????????6.5%,????????????????????12681???,???????????3????????1.2????,2023?????????(GNI)??1.34???????,?????????????????????????

??

??

?????????????,?,????1952???????????????????????,??????????????????50.5%?20.8%?28.7%??????????????????,????????????,???????????????

??????????,????????,??,?,????????????????????????2023???,???????????????????????????????7.1%?38.3%?54.6%????,??????9???1.3??????????????????????????????,?????,????,????????????????????????,????,?“???+”??????

“???”????22.4??

?

?????????,??,???????,????,???????????????????????????

20132023??????????,?????????8.7%?10.3%,??????????,???????????????????5G??????,“????????”????,?????????????????????????????????

??????????????????????????2023?,??421???;??????????,???????????????

??????????,?????????????????,“?”?????????2023?,??“??”??????????22.4??????????,????????GDP????????????17.73%?

??

????

1949????2.2???,?????????8.1??????????,??????????75????,??????,?,??????????????,???????

2023???,??????????15.9??,?????????1949??????6??,??????????4.5???????,??????????2/3????;???544??,?????????????????????????????66??,?????????18.4???????????,????????????????;???12.8?????,?74.1%;??????????????????876??????????????????????????????,2023????????1.7???,?2016???10????????,???????????????,??????????????????????????????????????????????

????3.92???

???

1949??????????49.7??????1978?????????,??????????????171????,?????????151???,??????????????,?,???????????,?????,????????????????2023??,??39218?,??1949???????76???,???????????????????6.0%;?????26796????????????,??1956????????????????36??,?5.5%?

????,????????????,??????????2023?????,?????????29.8%,???1978????????????34.1???;??????????45.2%,????????????2013????????????5.5????,??,????????????????????????????2023??,??????????49.7??????????,?????????145.9??????????,??2013???2.9????2.1??????

??????

????

????????,?????????????????????,??????

?,????????????????????????,?????????????,?????????????,??????????????,??,??????????

2023??????????,??????????10.66??????????????,???????????1989????10.09??;??????????????2.44???????????3.02????????,???????1994?????????1.64???2.84????????????,????????????,???????????,?????????????????

9899????????

????????

?????????,????????????????????????20??????????????5070??,????????,?????????,??????????“???”?????????????,?????????????????????,???????????????

???????,????????,????????????8????????????,?????????2020?9899??,832?,12.8????????,????,??????????????????????,??10????????????«????2030?????????»?,?,????????

??????????????????60%

???

??,?????????????,??????????????????????????????,???????????????????

2023?,?????????????????????????????????????91.1%?95.7%?91.8%;??????????????????1.6??4542???,?1949??????6.4????????????????????103?????????????,???????(OECD)????????

???????,??????????,??????2023?????,???????????60%,??;????????????1982????8?11.05????,????????????

?????????

????????????

1950???,?????????11.3????????,??????????????????????????????1978?????206???????????????????????????????,??,2001?????????,???????,??

?,????????,???,?????????????????1978?1%?2023?????????????12.4%,???????????7???????“??????”?????,??????????150?????30????????230??“????????????????”??,????????????25?200??????????????,?“??”?

?

?????????????

?????????????,???????,????????????????????,?????????????,??????1999??,??????????????????????2012?,?,??????????????????????????4.9,?????????1952???????????????????8.1?

??????,????????????????????????????,?????????20132023?????????,???????????6.9%?7.1%,????2023?,??????????????????????46.7%?24.4%,???2012?????2.9??????????0.9????????????

??????46.3?????????????????????

????

?,????????????????,???????1956?????????“????????”??????????????,???,???????,??????,?????????

???,??????????????,??,??????????????????????????????????????????????????????,????“???????”,????????????,??????????????11??????????,????,?????????????????????2023?????????,????????,????????????46.3?????

??????????66%

???????

??????????,????????1949?????????10.64%,1978?17.92%????,??????????????????????????????????,??????2023?????,????????9.3????????????????,???????????1978????????7.6????;???????????????????????66.16%,??????????????48.24?????

??,??????????,????,????2023?????,????48.3%,???????????????2015????????8.4?????????,????????????,??????????????,???????????????2012???2.88:1??2023?????????????????2.39:1?2023?????????????????????,?12.4:1,??2013??1.4?2023?460??,??????????99%????,???????14.4??

????????3246?????6833????????

?????

1949??,?????????????,?????????,?,??????????????2023?,???????????????????????3246???????6833??,???????1949?59?????????????325??????????????????????????;??????????119????(?????????)?

????,??,????????,????,???2022??????,???4.46%,???????????2013?0.77?;??????????2012???????????????????888?????2023??????????????1622??

?78.6?????????????

?

????,???,????75????,???????,??,???????????2023????,?107?,??????????1017?????????,???1249????????????

??,??,????????,?????2023?????????,????????????13.34????????,????????????2018??????95%????????????2023??,??????????78.6??????,??????1949??????????????43.6?????????,????????

????24.02%

???????????

20??????50??????????????,???,????????????????????????,??????????,????????????“????????”?????????????2022????????????????????,?9014?,?20????80?????????????25????30???????;??18%,??

????????????,“????????????”?????????24.02%?2023?,??????????????(PM2.5)????????2016???????????28.6%,???????????????????????????21.6???????????????????,???????????????????,??????????“????”???“?”,??????????(??????????) ???????????:???