(????? ?????)????? ?“?”?“???????????”

????:??????????:???????

????????9????????????30????????????? (?????????? ???)??????,1963?,????????????5000???????????,?????

???????60??????????????,?????????????,????????????????????????,?????

“?????”???????,????????????“???????????”,?????????,?????,???????????????????,?????,????????????

???????????????,?????(??????????)??????? ???????? ???????

???????????

?,????????????????20????60?????80??,????,???????????????????,?????????????????????????,??1????10???????????,???????????????????,??????????1?????????

1971?????????????12????1???,???????????????,?????????50%?,??????????,???????????,??????????????

“??????,???????????”?????????13???????????????????????“??????????,?????,20????????,30???????????????????????”

??,??“?????,?????????????,??????????????,?????”???

30???????????,???????????30???????“???,?????????????????,???????,????,??”

??

“???????????????61???,???????”??????????????,?????,??????????????????????,???????????,“????????”?

???,??“??,????????????????????”??,???????“???,???????????????????,???????,???????”

“???????????,?????????,?,????”??,??????????????71??????,????,???????,????,??????????????“??????????,?????????????????,???????”

?????????????????,?????????????????“?,????????????????,??,????????”??,?????,???????????????,????????????,??????

???????????????????

??????????????,???????????,???????????40????,????1985???,???7.4?????,????,????,??,???????????100?,???????“???????1987?????????,??????6??????,?95%???????????????”

?????????,????????1984???????????????????,?????????,??“???????”,????????,???????????????????,?????2002?????????,??????????,???????????????,???????????????????10??????????

????,?70%?????????????????????????????????30?????????????,????????????“??????”???,??????“?????????????,???????”

“?,???????”“??????????,??,???”????,????“?????,????????”(?????)

????????:???????????