????:1????????:??????

2??????????

3??????????

4?????????

5??????????

??11?23??? ??:??????????“????”????????????????????

????????????????????????????????????????

?????????? ??? ??????????????? ??????

“??????????????????????????”???????????????11???????18????20???????????????????????????(Mary Evelyn Tucker)???“??”???????????????,?,“???????”?????????????,???,???????,??????????????????“?”,?,????????????????

???????:

?????:?????????

???????????????????????????:20???70??????????,??,?????,?????????????,??????,??,??“???????”?

?????????????????(Thomas Berry),??????????“????????????????”?“????????”???????????????????????????????,????????????????(William Theodore de Bary)?????????????,?????????????????????????(Carlton Hayes)?????????????????????????

2024???????????????11??????20??????????,“?????????”?????????????????????????????(??)????????????????? ??? ?????

???:???????????“??????????”???????????,???

?????????????????????????????????:???????????????“??”“???????????????????”“???????????”???????????,“??”????????,??“???????,???????????;????,??????????????????”,????“?”??

“???”????,??????????????“?????”,??“?”??,???,?,????????,????????????????“??????????”??“??????????????????”???????????????????“?????????”???,??,?????????????“?????????”???

????,???,????????????? ?? ?????

????????:?????????????????“?????????”“?????”“????????”????,????

????????????????????:????????,?????????“?????”,?????“?????????”,???????“??”????“???”??????

????,?,????,?,??“??????????”???????????,??????????,????????????,??

????????????????:????

????????????????:?????????????,????,????????????????????????????????????????……??,???“???”?????????????????

70???????«?????»?,???,???????????“???”????????«???»,??????,?????,?????????,????,??,??????????????????????,???

??:???????????

????????????????????:????,?????????????,????????????????????????,??,?????????????,?????,????????????????,????,??,?????

?????????????????????,?,?????????“??”????????????????,???????????“???????”????,??????????????????????????????????????????????,????????????,???????????????????????????

2016?????????????,????????,???112??????? ?????????????? ??????

????????,????????????????,??“????”???????,??????,??,????????????????????,?????“????????”,??(???????????)

????:

????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????? ???????

????????????????????(Mary Evelyn Tucker),????????,???????????????1997?????????????,????????????????«????»«???»??????«?»?

???????????:??????